第三週 AlphaGo

Google's AI wins final Go challenge

Google's DeepMind artificial intelligence has secured its fourth win over a master player, in the final of a five match challenge.

Lee Se-dol, one of the world's top Go players, won just one of the matches against the AlphaGo program, missing out on the $1m prize up for grabs.

Demis Hassabis, founder of DeepMind, said the match had been the "most exciting and stressful" for his team.

Lee Se-dol said he felt "regrettable" about the result of the contest.

In Go, players take turn placing stones on a 19-by-19 grid, competing to take control of the most territory.

The game is considered to be much more challenging for computers than chess.

At a press conference held after the final match, Mr Lee said he did not necessarily think AlphaGo was superior to humans.

But he said he had more studying to do, and admitted the matches had challenged some of his ideas about the game Go.

In some countries the people watch football on big screens in public squares, but in South Korea it's been the mighty challenge of machine against humanity.

And the victory of the computer has led to some introspection.

One South Korean newspaper complained that the contest was "lopsided" with the single Korean pitted against the corporate might of Google and its "army of super-smart people armed with unfathomable computing power".

In a spirit of magnanimity, however, the Korea Baduk Association - which governs the game of Go - has decided to give an honorary ninth-dan ranking to AlphaGo.

The 4-1 mechanical victory has also made some Go players doubt themselves.

The European champion who lost last year to AlphaGo said it had really knocked his self-confidence, even as it enabled him to climb up the world rankings.

Go was invented about 2,500 years or so ago in China. Until now, it has always had a human best player. Not any more.

http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35810133

Structure of the Lead：
who-Google's DeepMind artificial intelligence

what- win over a master player

how- players take turn placing stones on a 19-by-19 grid, competing to take control of the most territory.
Where- not given
When- not given
How- not given

Keywords:

intelligence  情報

 founder  創辦人

challenging  具有挑戰性的

lopsided  片面

admitted  錄取

第二週 The European refugee

The Syrian refugee crisis and its repercussions for the EU

An estimated 11 million Syrians have fled their homes since the outbreak of the civil war in March 2011. Now, in the sixth year of war, 13.5 million are in need of humanitarian assistance within the country. Among those escaping the conflict, the majority have sought refuge in neighbouring countries or within Syria itself. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 4.8 million have fled to Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq, and 6.6 million are internally displaced within Syria. Meanwhile about one million have requested asylum to Europe. Germany, with more than 300,000 cumulated applications, and Sweden with 100,000, are EU’s top receiving countries. 

This website offers a snapshot of the repercussions of this refugee crisis for the European Union. It is a project of the Migration Policy Centre at the European University Institute in Florence. The website offers key data on the conflict, combined with a series of studies conducted by local researchers on behalf of the MPC. This project started in January 2013 as a result of a close collaboration between a team of journalists and these local researchers under the auspices of the MPC. Its main aim is to paint a broad picture of the worst refugee crisis to affect the region in years. 

This website examines the role played by the European Union, both as a provider of humanitarian aid, and as a hosting region. While it is true that the EU is a leading contributor to the humanitarian aid to the region, the amount donated by each of its 28 member states varies greatly. At the moment, 70% of the funding is still missing according to the estimates of the UNHCR. To date, the EU has accepted the vast majority of Syrians who have requested asylum, having processed however relatively few applications. Despite the exponential increase in 2015, these have accounted for less than 10% of the total number of displaced Syrians. In contrast, absorbing the influx of refugees has been an enormous challenge for Syria’s neighbours, with strong implications for the stability of the entire region. We hope this website is an accessible way to better understand this migration crisis.

from: http://syrianrefugees.eu/

Structure of the Lead：
who-The Syrian refugee
what-the repercussions of this refugee crisis for the European Union
where- in neighbouring countries or within Syria
why-the outbreak of the civil war 
How-escaping the conflict
WHEN- not given
Keywords:

refugee 難民

repercussion影響

Union聯盟

European歐洲的

request請求

第一週 Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi will soon take her seat as Myanmar’s leader – by proxy

Martin Woollacott

Htin Kyaw will most likely be a ceremonial president, with Aung San Suu Kyi pulling the strings. But the military will not make life easy for them

    Aung San Suu Kyi won a great victory in November last year when her party swept the board in the general election, but Myanmar politics still resembles a tug of war between democratic forces and the military. The generals accepted the result and made noises about cooperation, but in the months since they have given very little away. This is the harsh background to the decision this week to put forwardHtin Kyaw as the presidential candidate.
    
    He will be the surrogate for Aung San Suu Kyi because the military could not stand the loss of prestige involved in her becoming president. The vast majority of Myanmar’s people would have been in favour of discarding the clause, inserted into the constitution years ago specifically with her in mind, disqualifying a person with a spouse or children holding foreign citizenship from being president.

    The army could have demonstrated goodwill, but chose not to do so. The reasons for its obduracy are presumably that it saw a concession on this issue as a precedent for other compromises in the future which it would not wish to make. It may also have calculated that manoeuvring Aung San Suu Kyi into a position where she herself must act in an “unconstitutional” manner would weaken or discredit her. After all, the president in theMyanmar constitution is not supposed to play a secondary role to a political leader in the country’s lower house.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/11/aung-san-suu-kyi-myanmar-leader-htin-kyaw-president-military

Structure of the Lead：

who-Aung San Suu Kyi and forwardHtin Kyaw 

what- This is the harsh background to the decision this week to put forwardHtin Kyaw as the presidential candidate.

when-2016/mar/11 that week

where-Myanmar

why- Aung San Suu Kyi won a great victory in November last year when her party swept the board in the general election.

HOW- not given

Keywords:

victory            勝利
presidential 總統的
harsh              苛刻
surrogate      代孕
discarding    丟棄